Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1
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چکیده
1.1.1 Taxonomy The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) was first isolated in 1983 (BarréSinoussi et al., 1983; Gallo et al., 1983), and firmly associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in 1984 (Gallo et al., 1984; Montagnier et al., 1984). A second related virus, called HIV-2, was subsequently discovered in West Africa (Clavel et al., 1986). HIV-1 and HIV-2 belong to the family of Retroviridae and subfamily Orthoretrovirinae. Retroviruses are enveloped RNA viruses that replicate via a DNA intermediate. They rely on the enzyme reverse transcriptase to transcribe their genome from RNA into DNA, which can then be integrated into the host’s genome with an integrase enzyme, becoming part of the cellular DNA, and replicating with it. HIV-1 and HIV-2 are the two known human retroviruses that belong to the genus Lentivirus (lentus, Latin for “slow”).
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